C Sharp Arrays and Strings

Array is a storage location of fixed sized elements of the same datatype. in other terms, Array stores the collection of variables or collection of values in a memory. We can combine the number of variables to be declared in the array other than declaring seperately. The elements in the array can be accessed using indexes. An Array is collection variables of the same data type. It is better to say variables instead of values.An Array stores the variables of the same Data Type in Contiguous Memory Locations.

Declaration Of Array

Syntax

data_type [] array_name;

Example

int [] a;

where

int- data_type

[]- size of array

a- name of the array

---

Initialization Of Array

int [] a =new int[10];

This allocates memory to store 10 integer elements.

---

Assigning value to Array Elements

You can assign value to each element of array seperately.

Example

int [] a =new int [10];

a[0]=10;

Note:Array index starts from zero.

Assigning values at time of declaration

int [] a={1,2,3,4};

Also in another way

int [] a=new int[5] {1,2,3,4,5};

Also omiting size

int [] a=new int[] {1,2,3,4,5};

---

Program

using System;

namespace array

{

class Program

{
     static void Main(string[] args)
     {

          int[] myarray = new int[10];

          int i,j;

          for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
         {

               myarray[i] = i + 10;

          }
          for (j = 1; j <= 5; j++)
         {

              Console.WriteLine("Element {0}", j);

         }

         Console.ReadKey();

      }

 }

}

Output

Element 1
Element 2
Element 3
Element 4
Element 5

Multidimensional Array

C# allows us to declare Multidimensional Arrays. The syntax to declare Multidimensional Arrays is slightly different than Multidimensional Arrays declared in other Programming languages. Multidimensional Arrays are also called as Rectangular Arrays. Declaration of Multidimensional Arrays.

Two Dimensional Array

int [,] k;

Three Dimensional Array

string [,,] str;

Two Dimensional Array

The Two Dimensional Array is a form table having Rows and Columns.

Above is the Two Dimensional Array with 3 Rows and Columns. 'K' is the name of the Array and the values in brackets are subscripts/indexes. We can access the elements in the Array with the subscripts k[i,j] where I refers to Row and J refer to Column.

Initialization Two Dimensional Array

The Two Dimensional Array can be initialized as follows.
int [,] k=new int [3,3]={{0,0,0},{0,2,3},{2,4,2}};

Program

using System;
namespace multidimensional_Array
{
        class Program
              {
                     static void Main(string[] args)
                    {
                              int[,] k = new int[3, 3]{{2,2,4},{3,2,4},{4,3,2}};
                              int i, j; 
                              Console.WriteLine("The values at 2nd row and 3rd column is a[{0},{1}]:{2}", 2,3,k[1,2]);
                              for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
                             {
                                     for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) 
                                    { 
                                            Console.WriteLine("a[{0},{1}] = {2}", i, j, k[i, j]);
                                    }
                             } Console.ReadLine();
                    }
            }
}

Output

The values at 2nd row and 3rd column is a[{0},{1}]:{2}= a[2,3]:4
a[0,0] = 2
a[0,1] = 2
a[0,2] = 4
a[1,0] = 3
a[1,1] = 2
a[1,2] = 4
a[2,0] = 4
a[2,1] = 3
a[2,2] = 2

Strings

In C Sharp , Strings are array of characters or we can directly declare a string variable using String Data type.

Example.

string name="Raj";

Also string can be made by joining two strings

string car="Audi";

string color="black";

string vehicle=car+color;

output.
Audi black.

char [] vehicle={'A', 'U', 'D', 'I'};

string car=new string(vehicle);

Output.
Audi

using System; namespace strings
{
     class Program
     {

         static void Main(string[] args)

         {

              string s1 = "Jaguar";

              string s2 = "car";

              int res = 0;

            //Compare two strings

            //1 - Not equal

            //0 - equal

              res = String.Compare(s1,s2);

              Console.WriteLine("Result of comparison is " +res);


           //check if specified string value is present in String

           //True- String contains specified letter

           //False-String does contains specified letter


             bool b = s1.Contains('a');

             Console.WriteLine(b);


           //create copy of string

             string copy = String.Copy(s1);

             Console.WriteLine(copy);


            //check whether the strings are equal

            //True- equal

             //False-Not equal

               bool e = copy.Equals(s1);

               Console.WriteLine(e);


            //return Zero based first occurance of charater specified


              int ch=s1.IndexOf('g');

              Console.WriteLine(ch);

            //check whether the string is null or empty

            //True- Yes empty or null string

             //False- No Not empty or Null string


              bool s = String.IsNullOrEmpty(s1);

              Console.WriteLine(s);

              Console.ReadKey();

         }
       }
  }


Output.

Result of comparison is 1
True
jaguar
True
2
False